党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。市场监管部门以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，改革完善市场监管体制，持续深化商事制度改革，推动实施公平竞争政策，着力防范产品质量安全风险，不断强化消费维权，积极实施质量强国战略，市场监管改革创新取得显著成效。
一、监管体制实现重大变革，统一市场监管格局初步形成。党中央、国务院从战略高度出发，对市场监管体制改革作出重大决策部署，历史性完善市场监管和执法体制，整合监管职能，加强监管协同，实现了分段、分领域监管向统一、综合监管的转变。市场监管机构改革以来，持续推进从物理整合向化学融合转变，综合监管、综合执法的优势逐步凸显。2021年，中央强化反垄断执法力量，挂牌成立国家反垄断局，进一步完善市场监管体制。
二、持续深化商事制度改革，推动营商环境明显改善。深刻领会中央优化营商环境的战略意图，围绕激发各类市场主体活力，把保市场主体放在突出的位置，深入推进商事制度改革和市场准入制度改革。一是积极主动进行自我革命。推动注册资本实缴制改为认缴制，改企业年检制为“年报+公示”制，推进住所登记、名称登记等改革，构建宽松便捷的市场准入环境。改革传统监管机制为以“双随机、一公开”监管为基本手段、以重点监管为补充、以信用监管为基础的新型监管机制，在有效监管的同时减少对市场主体的干扰。加强市场准入制度供给，推动出台《市场主体登记管理条例》及其配套政策举措，第一次全面统一各类市场主体登记制度，为市场主体平等准入、自由迁移和便捷退出提供了基础性制度保障。二是推动部门协同集成改革。从“先照后证”到照后减证，从准入改革到准营改革，从多头准入管理向积极推进形成全国统一市场准入负面清单，从企业来回跑、现场办到“一网通办”、推广电子证照，企业开办时间从22.9天压缩到4个工作日以内，逐步实现市场主体准入制度从政府端的管理好用向企业端的办事好用转变。三是积极配合部门改革。会同有关部门推动退税减税降费、财政资金直达、货币政策直达和普惠金融等政策措施落实，助力支持政策精准对接各类市场主体。截至今年4月底，我国市场主体总量从2012年5500万户增长到1.58亿户，增长了近1.9倍，年均净增长超过1000万户；其中企业从1300多万户增长到近5000万户，个体工商户从4000万户增长到超1亿户。今年1-4月份，全国新设市场主体898.7万户。市场主体的繁荣发展，为我国经济转向高质量发展奠定了坚实的微观基础。
三、确立和强化竞争政策的基础性地位，着力保护和促进市场公平竞争。党的十八大以来，我国竞争政策的基础性地位基本确立，公平竞争制度不断完善，为各类市场主体投资兴业、规范健康发展营造了公平、透明、可预期的良好竞争环境。一是着眼完善市场体系基础性制度，推动出台《关于强化反垄断深入推进公平竞争政策实施的意见》，推动修订《反垄断法》《反不正当竞争法》等法律法规，建立公平竞争审查制度，逐步建立健全了公平竞争政策框架。二是适应数字经济发展趋势，坚持发展和规范并重，坚持线上线下一体化监管，坚持竞争监管和行业监管联动，出台《网络交易监督管理办法》《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》等制度规则，依法查处平台企业“二选一”等重大典型案例，严格落实平台企业并购申报义务，平台经济竞争监管和防止资本无序扩张取得重要成效，为促进平台经济发展、平台企业和各类市场主体协同发展，营造了公平有序的竞争环境。三是围绕激发创新活力和增进民生福祉，加大知识产权保护力度，完善知识产权保护制度体系和工作机制，依法严格保护企业创新创造及其合法权益；对各类市场主体一视同仁、平等对待，聚焦医药保健、公用事业等民生发展重点领域，综合运用年度报告、信息公示等手段，严格规范公正文明执法。10年来共查处各类垄断案件640件，查办了一大批不正当竞争、违法广告等扰乱市场秩序的案件，有力维护公平高效有序的市场竞争格局。
四是聚焦维护全国统一大市场、畅通国内大循环，推动出台《关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见》，全面落实公平竞争审查制度，10年来审查新出台政策措施文件127.8万件，清理存量政策文件340.2万件，修订废止妨碍全国统一市场和公平竞争的文件5.3万件，着力打破地方保护和市场分割。
四、坚决贯彻“四个最严”要求，坚守食品等产品质量安全底线。一以贯之“四个最严”要求，坚持不懈强化食品、重点工业产品、特种设备监管措施，推动市场监管领域安全形势不断稳定向好。一是毫不松懈强化食品安全风险管控能力。以推动落实地方党政同责为重点，层层压实各方安全监管责任。以严格执法为着力点，有力解决食品安全领域农药兽药残留超标、非法添加等突出问题，2020年以来共查办食品安全违法案件超过500万件，罚没金额约70亿元；以系统排查为手段，建立起四级抽检体系，有力防控食品安全风险隐患，近两年抽检实现每年5.0批次/千人以上的目标。以更严的标准、更严的监管有力推动食品产业优化升级和高质量发展，现有食品安全标准约1300项，农药兽药残留限量及检测方法标准总数超过1.3万项，基本与国际食品法典标准接轨。大宗食品合格率持续保持高位，粮食加工品、食用油合格率在98%以上，肉制品在97%以上，国产婴幼儿配方乳粉抽检合格率在99%以上。二是强化药品安全科学监管、严格监管。持续加强药品质量安全监管，让监管始终跑在风险前面。全力服务保障疫情防控大局，深化药品审评审批制度改革，全面提升药品监管能力水平，推动药品安全性、有效性、可及性显著增强，药品安全形势稳中向好。2018年以来药品和医疗器械国抽合格率均在97%以上，其中2021年药品国抽合格率达到99%，推动一大批具有明显临床价值、满足临床急需的药品和医疗器械加快获批上市。三是综合施策加强工业产品质量安全监管。准入制度改革不断推进，实施认证“正面清单”管理，工业产品生产许可目录从61类压减至10类，压减幅度达83%。监督抽查体系不断完善，2020—2021年发现并处置5.5万批次不合格产品。对安全隐患较大的重要工业品和消费品，连续开展专项整治，集中治理了一批质量安全突出问题。连续开展儿童和学生用品安全守护行动。强化汽车和消费品召回，有效防范安全风险。四是持续深化特种设备安全治理。完善安全治理机制和监管制度体系，改注重事前审批为事前事中事后监管并重。坚决排查治理安全隐患，稳步推进特种设备安全标本兼治，总局成立以来，万台特种设备死亡率下降64%，特种设备安全状况总体达到中等发达国家水平。
五、加快推进质量强国建设，努力推动质量全面提升。深刻把握经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革的要求，不断完善质量强国建设的政策措施，全面加强宏观质量管理，建设适配现代化经济体系的质量基础设施，深入实施质量提升行动，促进我国商品和服务质量稳步提升，10年来我国制造业产品质量合格率稳步提升，这两年稳定在93%以上较高水平。一是质量政策法规日臻完善。编制实施“质量强国建设纲要”，法律制度体系更加完备，强化质量工作考核激励工作，大质量工作格局进一步形成。二是质量提升行动深入开展。广泛开展质量管理升级、“百城千业万企对标达标提升专项行动”“一站式”服务等活动，加强服务质量监督监测，为质量强国建设奠定实践基础。三是质量基础设施建设成效明显。已发布国家标准4万多项、行业标准7.6万多项、地方标准5.3万多项，团体标准近3万项，主要消费品领域与国际标准一致性程度超过95%。
六、站稳人民至上根本立场，持续深化市场秩序综合治理。把以人民为中心、增进人民福祉作为市场监管工作的出发点和落脚点，不断丰富完善为民、便民、利民监管措施。一是强化突出问题专项治理。聚焦民生领域群众深恶痛绝的违法行为连续开展“铁拳”行动，2021年查办案件9.44万件。深入开展“扫黑除恶”专项斗争，有力消除“市霸”乱象。强化民生商品和服务价格监管，持续加大侵权假冒问题打击力度，联合整治“保健”市场乱象，连续多年大力治理“特供”“专供”等突出问题，连续开展“网剑”行动，严厉查处直播带货等突出问题，市场顽疾得到有效治理。二是强化涉疫产品市场监管。重拳出击制止疫情期间防疫物资哄抬价格、假冒伪劣等违法行为，加强重要民生商品价格监测和监管，广泛开展保供应、保价格、保质量“三保”行动，严格监管疫苗和药品质量，有力支持疫情防控大局。三是强化消费者权益保护。推动制修订《消费者权益保护法实施条例》等法律法规规章，消费维权法律体系不断健全完善。建立统一的12315消费者投诉举报热线，广泛开展放心消费创建活动和消费教育宣传引导，为消费者提供高效服务。
Main Achievements and Reform Results of Market Regulation in the Past Ten Years
（May 20, 2022）
State Administration for Market Regulation
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, historic achievements have been made and historic changes have taken place in the cause of the Party and the state. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the State Administration for Market Regulations (SAMR) and local market regulation departments resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, optimize the market regulation system, continuously deepen the reform of the commercial system, promote the implementation of fair competition policies, focuse on preventing product quality and safety risks, continuously strengthen consumer rights protection, and actively implement the strategy of strengthening the country by quality. The reform and innovation of market regulation has achieved remarkable results.
1.Major changes have been made in the regulatory system, and a unified market regulatory pattern has taken shape.
From a strategic perspective, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made major decision-making arrangements for the reform of the market supervision system, historically improved the market supervision and law enforcement system, integrated supervision functions, strengthened supervision coordination, and realized the transformation from segmented and sub-field supervision to unified and comprehensive supervision. Since the reform of market supervision institutions, the transformation from physical integration to chemical integration has been continuously promoted, and the advantages of comprehensive supervision and comprehensive law enforcement have gradually become prominent. In 2021, the central government strengthened anti-monopoly law enforcement and established the National Anti-monopoly Bureau to further improve the market supervision system.
2.Continue to deepen the reform of the commercial system and promote the obvious improvement of the business environment.
Deeply understand the central government's strategic intention of optimizing the business environment,
focus on stimulating the vitality of various market players, put market players in a prominent position, and further promote the reform of commercial system and market access system. First, actively carry out self-revolution. Promote the paid-in system of registered capital to subscription system, change the annual inspection system of enterprises to "annual report + publicity" systems, promote the reform of residence registration and name registration, and build a relaxed and convenient market access environment. Reform the traditional supervision mechanism into a new supervision mechanism based on "double random and one open" supervision, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision, so as to effectively supervise and reduce the interference to market players. We strengthened the supply of market access systems, promoted the promulgation of the Regulations on The Registration and Administration of Market Players and its supporting policies and measures, and for the first time comprehensively unified the registration systems for all types of market players, providing a basic institutional guarantee for equal access, free migration and convenient exit for market players. The second is to promote the collaborative integration reform of departments. From "Certificate after License" to “Certificate Reduction after License”, From access reform to business-permit reform, From multi-head access management to actively promoting the formation of a national unified market access negative list, from enterprise “running back and forth” and doing on-site to "one network solution" and promoting electronic licenses, the start-up time of enterprises has been reduced from 22.9 days to less than 4 working days, and the market player access system has gradually changed from government-side management to enterprise-side service. Third, actively cooperate with departmental reform. In conjunction with relevant departments, we have promoted the implementation of policies and measures such as tax refund, tax reduction and fee reduction, direct financial funds, direct monetary policy and Inclusive Financing, and help support policies to accurately connect with various market players. As of the end of April this year, the total number of market entities in China increased from 55 million in 2012 to 158 million, an increase of nearly 1.9 times, with an average annual net growth of more than 10 million; Among them, the number of enterprises has increased from more than 13 million to nearly 50 million, and the number of individual industrial and commercial households has increased from 40 million to over 100 million. From January to April this year, 8.987 million new market entities were established nationwide. The prosperity and development of market players has laid a solid micro foundation for China's economy to turn to high-quality development.
3.Establish and strengthen the basic position of competition policy, and strive to protect and promote fair competition in the market.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the basic position of China's
competition policy has been basically established, and the fair competition system has been continuously improved, creating a fair, transparent and predictable good competitive environment for various market players to invest in the industry and standardize healthy development. First, we have focused on improving the basic system of the market system, promoted the promulgation of the Opinions on Strengthening Anti-monopoly and Deepening the Implementation of Fair Competition Policy, promoted the revision of the Anti-Monopoly Law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law and other laws and regulations, established a fair competition review system, and gradually established and improved the fair competition policy framework. Second, adapting to the development trend of digital economy, we adhere to equal emphasis on development and standardization, adhere to online and offline integrated supervision, adhere to the linkage between competition supervision and industry supervision, promulgated institutional rules such as the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions, the Anti-monopoly Guide in the Field of Platform Economy, and the Provisions on Prohibiting Unfair Competition on the Internet. Investigated and punished major typical cases such as "choosing one from the other" of platform enterprises according to law, strictly implemented the reporting obligations of mergers and acquisitions of platform enterprises, and achieved important results in supervising competition in platform economy and preventing disorderly expansion of capital, thus creating a fair and orderly competitive environment for promoting the development of platform economy and the coordinated development of platform enterprises and various market entities. Third, focusing on stimulating innovation vitality and improving people's livelihood and well-being, we strengthened IPR protection, improved IPR protection systems and working mechanisms, and strictly protected enterprises' innovation and creation as well as their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law; all kinds of market players are treated equally. Focusing on key areas of people's livelihood development such as medical care and public utilities, and we comprehensively used annual reports, information publicity and other means to strictly regulate fair and civilized law enforcement. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a total of 640 monopoly cases have been investigated and dealt with in ten years, and a large number of cases of unfair competition, illegal advertisements and other cases that disturb the market order have been investigated and dealt with, thus effectively maintaining a fair, efficient and orderly market competition pattern. Fourth, focus on maintaining a unified national market and smoothing the domestic circulation. Promoted the promulgation of the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market, fully implemented the fair competition review system. In ten years, we reviewed 1.278 million newly issued policy and measure documents, cleaned up 3.402 million existing policy documents, revised and abolished 53,000 document
that hinder the national unified market and fair competition, and strive to break local protection and market segmentation.
4.Resolutely implement the "four strictest" requirements, adhere to the bottom line of food and other products quality and safety.
In accordance with the "four strictest" requirements, we have unremittingly strengthened the regulatory measures for food, key industrial products and special equipment, and promoted the steady improvement of the security situation in the field of market supervision. First, the ability of food safety risk management and control has been unremittingly strengthened. Focus on promoting the implementation of local party and government responsibilities, and taken the safety supervision responsibilities of all parties layer by layer. Focusing on strict law enforcement, we have effectively solved outstanding problems such as excessive pesticide and veterinary drug residues and illegal addition in the field of food safety. Since 2020, more than 5 million cases of food safety violations have been investigated and confiscated, with a fine of about 7 billion Yuan; By means of systematic investigation, a four-level sampling inspection system has been established to effectively prevent and control potential food safety risks. In the past two years, the sampling inspection has achieved the goal of 5.0 batches/1, 000 people per year. With stricter standards and stricter supervision, the optimization, upgrading and high-quality development of the food industry are vigorously promoted. There are about 1,300 food safety standards, and the total number of pesticide and veterinary drug residue limits and detection method standards exceeds 13,000, which are basically in line with the international Codex Alimentarius standards. The qualified rate of bulk food remained high, with the qualified rate of processed food and edible oil above 98%, meat products above 97% and domestic infant formula milk powder above 99%. Second, strengthen scientific supervision and strict oversight of drug safety. We kept strengthening oversight of drug quality and safety so that oversight stays ahead of risks. We have made all-out efforts to ensure the overall situation of epidemic prevention and control, deepened the reform of the drug evaluation and approval system, and comprehensively improved drug regulatory capacity. We have significantly improved the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of drugs, and the situation of drug safety has remained stable and improved. Since 2018, 97% of drugs and medical devices have been approved by the state, and 99% of them approved in 2021, accelerating the approval and come on the market for a large number of drugs and medical devices with obvious clinical value and meeting urgent clinical needs. Third, comprehensive measures have been taken to strengthen the quality and safety supervision of industrial products. The reform of access system has been continuously promoted, and the "positive list" management of certification has been implemented. The catalogue of industria
product production licenses has been reduced from 61 categories to 10 categories, with a reduction rate of 83%. The supervision and spot check system has been continuously improved, and 55,000 batches of unqualified products were found and disposed of in 2020-2021. For important industrial products and consumer goods with great potential safety hazards, special rectification has been continuously carried out, and a number of outstanding quality and safety problems have been centrally managed. Safety guarding actions for children's and school supplies have been carried out continuously. The recall of automobiles and consumer goods has been strengthened to effectively prevent safety risks. Fourth, continue to deepen the safety management of special equipment. The safety governance mechanism and supervision system have been improved. Instead of focusing on approval in advance, we attached equal importance to supervision during and after the event with the approval in advance. In addition, we resolutely investigated and controlled hidden security risks to promote the supervision of special equipment from paying attention to prior approval to paying equal attention to prior and post-event supervision. We have been dedicating to resolutely eliminate potential safety hazards, investigate and manage them, and steadily push forward the treatment of both the symptoms and root causes of special equipment safety. Since the establishment of the SAMR, the mortality rate of 10,000 special equipments has dropped by 64%, and the safety status of special equipment has generally reached the level of moderately developed countries.
5.Accelerate the construction of a country of quality power, and strive to promote the overall improvement of quality.
Deeply grasping the changing requirements of quality, efficiency and power of economic development, we have been constantly improving the policies and measures for building a quality power, comprehensively strengthening macro-quality management, building a quality infrastructure adapted to the modern economic system, and implementing quality improvement actions in depth to promote the steady improvement of the quality of goods and services in China. In the past ten years, the qualified rate of China's manufacturing products has been steadily improving, and has remained at a relatively high level of over 93% in the past two years. First, quality policies and regulations are improving day by day. The Outline of Building a Powerful Country by Quality is developed and implemented, the legal system is more complete, the assessment and incentive work of quality work is strengthened, and the pattern of high-quality work is further formed. Second, quality improvement actions were carried out in depth. Some activities extensively were carried out, such as quality management upgrading, "special action for upgrading standards by a hundred of cities, a thousand of industries and ten thousands of enterprises" and "one-stop" service, etc. in order to strengthen service quality supervision and monitoring and lay a practical foundation for building a
strong country with quality. Third, the quality infrastructure construction has achieved remarkable results. More than 40,000 national standards, 76,000 industry standards, 53,000 local standards and nearly 30,000 group standards have been released, and the consistency between major consumer goods and international standards exceeds 95%.
6.Stand firm in the fundamental position of people first, and continue to deepen the comprehensive management of market order.
Taking people as the center and improving people's well-being as the starting point and foothold of market supervision, the supervision measures for the people benefit have been constantly enriched and improved. First, the special treatment of outstanding problems has been strengthened. Focusing on the illegal acts hated by the people in the field of people's livelihood, the "Iron Fist" action was continuously carried out, and 94,400 cases were investigated and handled in 2021. Due to carrying out the special struggle of "eliminating evils and bully" in depth, the chaos of "city bully" has been effectively eliminated. Strengthened the price supervision of goods and services for people's livelihood, continuously intensify the crackdown on infringement and counterfeiting, jointly rectify the chaos in the "health care" market, vigorously control outstanding problems such as "special supply" and "exclusive supply" for many years, continuously carry out "net sword" actions, severely investigate and deal with outstanding problems such as live broadcast and goods, and effectively control market ills. Second, strengthen market supervision of epidemic-related products. By Striking hard to stop illegal activities such as price gouging, counterfeiting and shoddy of epidemic prevention materials during the covid-19 epidemic, we strengthened the monitoring and supervision of the prices of important commodities for people's livelihood, extensively carried out the "three guarantees" of ensuring supply, price and quality, the quality of vaccines and drugs was strictly supervised, and the covid-19 prevention and control was strongly supported. Third, strengthen the protection of consumers' rights and interests. We pushed forward the development and reversion of The Regulations on the Implementation of the Consumer Protection Law and other laws, regulations and rules, and the legal system for consumer rights protection has been continuously improved. By establishing a unified 12315 consumer complaint hotline, we extensively carried out activities to create safe consumption and publicize and guide consumer education, and provide efficient services for consumers.
